Which of the following is a common side effect of nitroglycerin?

Nitroglycerin is commonly used in emergency medicine to manage conditions like angina and heart failure because it dilates blood vessels, improving blood flow and reducing chest pain. One of the well-documented side effects of nitroglycerin is a headache. This occurs because the vasodilation effect, while beneficial for alleviating cardiac pain, can also lead to increased blood flow in the cranial vessels, resulting in headaches.

Headaches from nitroglycerin use are typically described as throbbing and can vary in intensity. Understanding this side effect is important for first responders and healthcare providers as it can help in managing patient expectations and differentiating between a nitroglycerin-related headache and other potential complications.

The other options listed do not typically arise from nitroglycerin use and, therefore, are not considered common side effects. For example, elevated blood pressure is counterintuitive to the drug's mechanism, as nitroglycerin usually lowers blood pressure. Increased appetite and diarrhea are not associated with its pharmacological effects, making these choices irrelevant in the context of nitroglycerin side effects. This knowledge is crucial for ensuring safe and effective patient care.