Which organ is responsible for insulin and glucagon production?

The pancreas is the organ responsible for the production of insulin and glucagon, which are crucial hormones in the regulation of blood glucose levels. Insulin is released when blood sugar levels rise, such as after eating, and helps cells absorb glucose for energy or storage. Conversely, glucagon is released when blood sugar levels are low and stimulates the liver to release stored glucose back into the bloodstream. This intricate balance maintained by insulin and glucagon is vital for overall metabolic homeostasis.

Understanding the roles of these hormones produced by the pancreas clarifies its essential function in the endocrine system, specifically in regulating carbohydrate metabolism and maintaining stable blood sugar levels, crucial for overall health.